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The surprising finding of our study is that human M
2025-02-20
The surprising finding of our study is that human M1 macrophages stimulated by LPS express ALOX15B to high levels. So far 12/15-lipoxygenase activity was only reported for IL-4 stimulated anti-phlogistic M2 macrophages [9] but not for the classically activated M1 macrophages. Our data suggest that s
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APPL is highly expressed in pancreatic
2025-02-19
APPL1 is highly expressed in pancreatic β cells, but its levels are significantly decreased in several mouse models of obesity and diabetes, including HFD-induced obese mice and db/db mice [6], [73], suggesting that the dysregulation of APPL1 may be associated with malfunction of the pancreas in obe
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The CK catalyzes the reversible conversion of
2025-02-19
The CK catalyzes the reversible conversion of creatine into creatine phosphate using ATP and thereby releasing ADP. The CK isoenzymes, specifically localized in places where there is a demand and production of energy, are linked to a creatine/creatine phosphate shuttle (Wallimann et al., 1998). This
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br Functional consequences of ADK regulation on
2025-02-19
Functional consequences of ADK regulation on neuronal excitability Adenosine modulates neuronal excitability via activation of the high affinity A1 or A2A, low-affinity A2B, or low abundance A3 adenosine receptors that feed into a multitude of different neuronal and astrocytic pathways (Blum et a
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Recently several groups including ours have started
2025-02-19
Recently, several groups, including ours, have started to use the C. elegans multi-dendritic PVD neurons as a model system to dissect the molecular mechanisms of dendrite development. During larval development, PVD elaborates complex and stereotyped dendritic arbors by sequentially adding primary (1
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br Experimental procedure br Introduction Migraine is a debi
2025-02-18
Experimental procedure Introduction Migraine is a debilitating neurovascular disorder characterized by recurring unilateral pulsating headaches of moderate to severe intensity, associated with nausea, photophobia and/or phonophobia, lasting from 4 to 72 h (Headache Classification Committee of
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However cancer and fibrotic diseases are the
2025-02-18
However, cancer and fibrotic diseases are the most extensively studied disease states. ATX is connected to various cancers because it can stimulate chemokinesis and chemotaxis in melanoma cells. Upregulated ATX 1 646 has been reported in breast cancer,, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, non-small-cel
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Inactivation of autophagy can also impact the
2025-02-18
Inactivation of autophagy can also impact the surface internalization of MHC I molecules, leading to increased antigen presentation. Inactivation of autophagy factors Atg5 and Atg7 in DCs causes elevation of MHC I surface levels by decreasing endocytosis due to a poor recruitment of adaptor-associat
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Aurora A and B are required for the control
2025-02-18
Aurora A and B are required for the control of mitosis whereas Aurora C is mainly invoved in meiosis (Goldenson and Crispino, 2015). Interestingly, Aurora B is partnered with inner centromere protein (INCENP), survivin and Borealin to form a chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) that is critical for t
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The analysis of the profile
2025-02-18
The analysis of the profile of protein phosphorylation in MMS-treated Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride metabolic regulation confirmed that both the ATM and ATR pathways were activated in S-phase blocked cells. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Chk1 was observed 24h after MMS-treatment both in AT- and
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Chromatin proteins play important roles in gene expression a
2025-02-18
Chromatin proteins play important roles in gene expression and DNA repair. The importance of chromatin composition on gene expression is exemplified by X-inactivation, where one of the two X chromosomes in female mammalian 5-HT1B receptor ligand is transcriptionally silenced by heterochromatin , , ,
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The distribution and subcellular localization differs betwee
2025-02-18
The distribution and subcellular localization differs between the subtypes of mGlu receptors. Most mGlu receptors are broadly expressed in the brain, except for mGlu6, which is restricted to the retina. Some mGlu receptors are additionally found in glial cells, such as mGlu3 and mGlu5 (Aronica et al
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Activated MAP kinases transform the stimulus
2025-02-18
Activated MAP kinases transform the stimulus into the pathophysiological responses by phosphorylating downstream substrates, including transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins involved in mRNA translation (Li et al., 2015). Among the numerous effectors that intervene in the TNF-α action is an ac
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Bran is a byproduct of flour milling typically utilized as
2025-02-18
Bran is a byproduct of flour milling, typically utilized as a valuable component of animal feeds. Because of its attractive technological and health-promoting properties, it Ponatinib has also been increasingly used in food manufacturing as a source of dietary fiber. Indeed, with the growing intere
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Regardless of the initial treatment most
2025-02-18
Regardless of the initial treatment, most patients with advanced NSCLC experience relapse and disease progression [15]. A subpopulation of immediate concern and clinical need is patients who have advanced NSCLC that is especially aggressive, which is usually defined as disease that rapidly progresse
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