• Cancer stem cells CSCs may

  2024-10-03

  

  Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may have been first identified in teratocarcinomas [11], [12], with its initial clues date back to the 19th century [13]. Kleinsmith and Pierce [12] established the immortal pluripotent teratocarcinoma lines from a single transplanted multi-potent malignant cell, strongly su

• The direction of glutamate transport by

  2024-10-03

  

  The direction of glutamate transport by the cell membrane transporter is reversible. As mentioned above, glutamate transport is an electrogenic process associated with a transmembrane ion gradient established by the Na+-K+ pump through hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate. Under conditions of energy

• Control of retinal vascularization during development and OI

  2024-10-03

  

  Control of retinal vascularization during development and OIR likely involves close interactions among endothelial cells, neurons and glial alcohol inhibitor (microglial and astrocytes) (see Fig. 2). In particular, the interaction between endothelial tip cells and astrocytes plays a critical role in

• br Experimental section br Results and discussion br Conclus

  2024-10-03

  

  Experimental section Results and discussion Conclusions We present a simple, sensitive and selective assay of ADA activity and its inhibitor using the enzyme catalyzed reaction and the different interaction intensity of dye-labeled AD aptamer, aptamer/AD complex with GO. The as-proposed met

• The scattering operators associated to are defined as follow

  2024-10-03

  

  The scattering operators associated to are defined as follows: for any and , , , there exists a unique solution to the following equation such that Then the scattering operator is defined by Here is an elliptic pseudodifferential operator of order , which is conformally covariant on the boundary.

• Here the so called alkali assay

  2024-10-01

  

  Here the so-called alkali assay [18] is proposed as a method to be applied directly on the purified recombinant enzyme sharing the same structural and functional features of the wild-type enzyme [19], [20], [21] using its physiological substrate androstenedione. The assay that was already successful

• In recent years the higher lipophilicity thus better

  2024-10-01

  

  In recent years, the ‘higher lipophilicity’-thus-‘better performance’ tenet, derived from the polar paradox theory applied to micro-structured media, was challenged by novel and unexpected experimental results. In particular, the synthesis of many complete series of fatty Pleuromutilin esters of nat

• As the close paralog of

  2024-09-30

  

  As the close paralog of adiponectin, we hypothesized that CTRP9 could participate in regulation of reproduction. In order to evaluate whether Ctrp9 plays a role in the control of reproduction in tilapia, i.p. injection experiment was performed. HPG (Hypothalamic/pituitary/gonadal) axis plays a key r

• HT receptors are distributed throughout the brain within

  2024-09-30

  

  5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and phospholipase c inhibitor (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al., 19

• It is important to note that stable amnesia is apparently

  2024-09-30

  

  It is important to note that stable amnesia is, apparently, a general biological phenomenon and can be found in different animal species. In studies on rats, it was found that if reconsolidation of conditioned olfactory aversion memory was impaired by the antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors, amne

• Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular lev

  2024-09-30

  

  Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular levels of cAMP to restore spontaneous contraction (Essayan, 2001, Qi and Kwan, 1996), acting downstream of adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, cardiac arrest induced by decreased intracellular cAMP levels could be reversed by phosphodiesterase inhibi

• Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a function of biochemi

  2024-09-30

  

  Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a function of biochemical mechanisms, which are energy-dependent. It is considered to be a vital component of many processes such as normal cell cycle, immune mechanism, atrophy, embryonic development and toxin-induced cell death (Elmore, 2007). In addition, apo

• br Antioxidative stress and anti inflammation

  2024-09-30

  

  Antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation Oxidative stress is a major cause of reduced endothelial NO bioavailability in hypertension, and inflammatory response is thought to play an important role in these processes (Blake and Ridker, 2001, Landmesser et al., 2006). Reactive oxygen species (ROS

• The relatively high concentration of HT used in

  2024-09-30

  

  The relatively high concentration of 5-HT used in this study (100 µM) is consistent with the concentrations used in other published ex vivo studies (Ropert and Guy, 1991, Passani et al., 1994, Shen and Andrade, 1998). In our paradigm 5-HT was focally applied at the surface of the slice via a fast pe

• CK is considered a central

  2024-09-30

  

  CK is considered a central controller of cellular energy homeostasis that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and creatine to produce PCr [5]. This enzyme builds up a large pool of rapidly diffusing PCr for temporal and spatial buffering of

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